Electrophilic Substitution The electrophile is attrated to the electron rich ring accepting a pair of π-electrons to create a covalent bond One of the Hydrogens is replaced by the -NO2 (nitro) group Conditions for reaction Temperature: 50oC Catalyst: H2SO4 Friedel-Crafts Acylation CH3COCl +C6H6—-> C6H5COCH3 Catalyst: AlCl3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation CH3Cl +C6H6—-> C6H5CH3 Catalyst: AlCl3 Sulfonation H2SO4 … Continue reading
Category Archives: Uncategorized
Benzene
Benzene – C6H6 Properties of Benzene Melting Point: 5.5°C Density: 876.50 kg/m³ Boiling point: 80.1 °C The discovery of Benzene Benzene was first isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday from an oily film that deposited from the gas used for lighting. In 1833, it was the discovered again by Eilhard Mitscherlich who distilled it from … Continue reading
Linus Pauling
Linus Pauling was a profound American chemist. He was one of the founders of such fields as Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Biology. Pauling went to a public elementary school in Portland, Oregon before in 1917 he entered the Oregon State College, obtaining a degree in chemical engineering by 1922. Pauling was also offered the role of a full-time teacher of … Continue reading
Gilbert Newton Lewis
Born: October 25, 1875 in Weymouth, Massachusetts. He recieved a PhD from Harvard University in 1899. After this he taught at Harvard and the Massachusetts Insitiute of Technology before he became the dean of the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. Lewis is notable for his idea of the “cubic atom”. With this he … Continue reading
Key Definitions
Relative Atomic Mass – The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12 Relative Isotopic Mass – The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of an atom of Carbon-12 Relative Molecular Mass – The weighted mean mass of a … Continue reading
Why is Carbon-12 used as the reference isotope?
Once upon a time, way back before 1961, there actually were two sets of atomic masses (though everybody called them atomic weights then). One scale was used by physicists; the other by chemists. Both were based on weights compared to Oxygen, rather than Hydrogen. Oxygen was used because it combines with a lot of things … Continue reading
Welcome
Hello, welcome to my chemistry blog. After evey chemistry lesson this year I will be blogging about what we have learnt, enjoy! Continue reading
Chemistry. 